July 23, 2015

A Brighter Future Is Embracing 100G Transceiver

Fiber works were out of people’s imagination in the ancient times, but now numerous optical products have emerged rapidly and facilitate people’s life. In the meanwhile, 100G transceiver has become possible and springs up like the mushrooms. The following passage will give a lead to 100G transceiver.
100G transceiver provides customers 100 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity options for data center networking, enterprise core aggregation, and service provider transport applications. 100G transceivers offer significant advantages over existing solutions in terms of reduced power dissipation and increased density with the added benefit of pluggability for reduced first installed cost.

100G transceiver

100G Transceiver

CFP and CXP are the two common types of 100G transceiver. The CFP defines hot-pluggable optical transceiver form factors to enable 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s applications. CFP modules use the 10-lane CAUI-10 electrical interface. While CXP modules use the CAUI-10 electrical interface, which is a multi-source agreement to produce a common form-factor for the transmission of high-speed digital signals. CXP optical transceiver is hot pluggable, and supports data rates of 40 Gbps. The CFP transceiver, as detailed in the MSA, supports both single-mode and multi-mode fiber and a variety of data rates, protocols, and link lengths, including all the physical media-dependent (PMD) interfaces, which is targeted at the clustering and high-speed computing markets.
As we all know, 100 transceiver has a very short history. On July 18, 2006, a call for interest for a High Speed Study Group (HSSG) to investigate new standards for high speed Ethernet was held at the IEEE 802.3 plenary meeting in San Diego. And in June 2008 Cisco Systems and Comcast announced their 100GbE trials. In October 2008, Huawei presented their first 100GbE interface for their NE5000e router. And On February 16, 2015, the IEEE 802.3bm standard was approved. Since then, 100 transceiver achieves mass production and sales of 10G, 40G, and 100G transceivers for enterprise and data center applications grew rapidly in 2014.From the table below, We know that the market for 100G data center optics is accelerating, but it has yet to be turbocharged by widespread data center deployment in the way 40G transceiver has. And the popularity of 40G transceivers accounted for much of the upswing. Overall, the long-anticipated ramp of 100G transceivermay be at hand and the ongoing movement to 100G and price declines will put revenue pressure on both 10G and 40G. Major growth in the data center for 100 Gigabit Ethernet is on the horizon due to more service providers applying 100G transceiver equipment in their core networks and new silicon entering the market.
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July 22, 2015

Are You Familiar With Single Mode Fiber?

Customers often feel puzzled about how to select between single mode fiber and multi mode fiber due to its similar function. While in 1980, Professor Huang Hongjia of the Chinese Academy of Sciences recognized that single mode fiber, compared to multi-mode fiber, has the characteristics of lower loss, narrower modal dispersion and have a higher bandwidth, which is ideal for medium capacity long-range communication system. At the same time he developed coupling wave theory in the field of microwave theory and successfully developed single mode optical fiber.

What is Single Mode Fiber?
Singel Mode Fiber 
In optical fiber technology, single mode fiber is optical fiber that is designed for the transmission of a single ray or mode of light as a carrier and is used for long-distance signal transmission, which designed to carry light only directly down the fiber—the transverse mode. These modes define the way the wave travels through space, i.e. how the wave is distributed in space. Waves can have the same mode but have different frequencies. This is the case in single-mode fibers, where we can have waves with different frequencies, but of the same mode, which means that they are distributed in space in the same way, and that gives us a single ray of light. Although the ray travels parallel to the length of the fiber, it is often called transverse mode since its electromagnetic vibrations occur perpendicular (transverse) to the length of the fiber.
Types of Single Mode Fibers
In order to get one step closer to understanding the Single mode fiber, common Single mode fiber must be explained before. Standard single mode fiber, dispersion shifted fiber , Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted Fiber are the most popular Single mode fiber in the industrial application. Each type provides unique benefits for device communication. Low water peak fiber is the most common single mode fiber used in our country. Non-Zero dispersion shifted fiber is a kinds of DSF. Its 1550nm dispersion is close to zero, but not zero. It is an improved dispersion-shifted fiber to suppress four-wave mixing. For your easy reference, a quick comparison chart listed below demonstrates the key differences of these three commonly used serial interfaces for industrial Applications.
Description IEC SMF Type ITU Spec. TIA Spec
Standard Single mode Fiber B1.1 G.652 TIA 492CAAA / OS1
Cutoff Shifted Fiber B1.2 G.654
Low Water Peak Fiber B1.3 G.652 TIA 492CAAB / OS2
Dispersion Shifted Fiber B2 G.653
Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted Fiber B4 G.655 TIA-492E000 / TIA-492EA00
Bend-Insensitive Fiber G .657
Connectors of Single Mode Fiber
There are many different types of connectors of single mode fiber. LC Connector, FC Connector, SC Connector, ST Connector, MTRJ Connector, MU Connector, E2000 Connector, SMA Connector are the most popular connectors in the market. Connectors are used to join optical fibers where a connect/disconnect capability is required. The basic connector unit is a connector assembly. A connector assembly consists of an adapter and two connector plugs. Due to the sophisticated polishing and tuning procedures that may be incorporated into optical connector manufacturing, connectors are generally assembled onto optical fiber in a supplier’s manufacturing facility.
Application
Single mode fiber with a relatively narrow diameter, through which only one mode will propagate typically 1310 or 1550nm, which is used in many applications where data is sent at multi frequency (WDM Wave-Division-Multiplexing). Today’s telephone companies use single mode fiber throughout their system as the backbone architecture and as the long-distance connection between city phone systems. Local Area Networks (LAN) is a collective group of computers, or computer systems, connected to each other allowing for shared program software or data bases. Colleges, universities, office buildings, and industrial plants, just to name a few, all make use of single mode fiber within their LAN systems. Power companies are an emerging group that have begun to utilize fiber optics in their communication systems. Most power utilities already have single fiber optic communication systems in use for monitoring their power grid systems. At last, I hope this passage might be useful for the readers to have a brief understanding of SMF.

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